Archibald Thomson - A Canadian Success Story

This is Heritage Week and I thought it would be the perfect opportunity to write about my ancestor Archibald Thomson. Archibald's story is important not only to my personal heritage but also to that of the province of Ontario.

Archibald was born in the small town of Westerkirk in Dumfries Scotland in 1749, one of 8 children born to Andrew and Jannet Thomson. He was baptized in the parish church On May 7th.

Scotland's People Old Parish Registers. Westerkirk 854/00 0010 0057

In 1773 he crossed the ocean in search of a better life, settling in Harpersfield in Tryon County, New York State. He farmed with other young Scots, James Park, Daniel Rose and John Chisholm. In 1775 "his attachment to his sovereign caused him to leave what little property he had acquired (12 acres of land) behind him" siding with the British in the American Revolution. He ultimately filed 16 Land Petitions that provided me with details of his service to the Crown. Archibald was a carpenter by trade and initially completed repairs at Fort Oswegatchie and Niagara. He was later appointed Master Carpenter by Governor Abbott. In 1777 he served under Captain John MacDonnell in the Second Battalion of the King's Royal Regiment of New York. In 1778 Archibald joined Captain Joseph Brant and was allegedly arrested by the Rebels for detecting and defeating conspiracies. There he was placed "under sentence of death for joining the Indians and escaped the Americans". I hope to find more about this interesting part of Archibald's story! He and his colleagues served without pay for seven years until the end of the war and "suffered every extremity of distress" and "engaged in the most dangerous of enterprises" under the command of Captain Brant, serving with "all the Zeal and Bravery of Britons". He was ultimately granted a Lieutenant's commission by Lord Dorchester.

On 27 July 1781 Archibald married Elizabeth McKay in Quebec City. Elizabeth was the daughter of Hugh McKay another Scottish refugee from New York State who became the High Constable of Quebec.

Quebec Gazette 2 August 1781, page 2

The couple moved about the province acquiring and selling land in various areas that was acquired by their successful land petitions to the Crown. 

Ontario Archives RG 1-58 Township Papers, Scarborough MS 658 Reel 436

Elizabeth acquired land due to her status as a daughter and wife of a Loyalist. Archibald acquired a town lot in Kingston in 1790. He ran a timber yard, wharf and store from this property. In the same time period he also acquired land in Fredericksburg Township as well as in Thurlow Township. In 1793 he also acquired a town lot in Newark (later Niagara on the Lake)and property in Stamford Township. By 1797 he owned a coveted town lot in York (later Toronto) near the St. Lawrence Market. As you can see from this detail from a map from the time his neighbours included his brothers David and Andrew

Detail from the Peter Russell 1797 map of Toronto, Toronto Public Library

And here's where Archibald's importance to the province lies - in 1796 he had petitioned the crown for 400 acres of land for his brothers who wished to join him in Canada and settle in Scarborough. He was successful and the rest is history. His brother David and David's wife Mary were the first settlers in Scarborough.

By 1799 Archibald himself joined his siblings in Scarborough purchasing and leasing 4 plots of land. He ran a "house of entertainment" and a grist mill while farming and also acting as a Justice of the Peace. In 1815 he certified his son Edward's land petition. Here's his signature. I found it to be consistent on the various documents over the years.

Upper Canada Land Petitions, Library and Archives Canada RG 1, L 3, Volume 497 "T" Bundle 10

Archibald died on 22 January 1819. Elizabeth had died two years earlier and I believe the couple were originally buried on the family farm. They were reinterred at St. Andrew's Presbyterian Church in Scarborough, the first Presbyterian Church in Scarborough, erected on land donated by the Thomson family. The inscription is difficult to decipher but reads: "Their remains moved to this place on June 3 1854 by their descendants numbering 231".

Picture taken by the writer

Archibald's demise was noted in the Upper Canada Gazette on the 28th of January 1819. He received a fine tribute:

Upper Canada Gazette, 28 January 1819, page 2

Archibald had packed a lot into his 70 years probably beyond what he expected as a young boy in Dumfries. He left behind a legacy that was build on by his many descendants. Archibald and Elizabeth had 12 children all of whom lived to adulthood. Two of his sons Hugh Christopher Thomson (1791-1834) and Colonel Edward William Thomson (1794-1865) have entries in the Dictionary of Canadian Biography. Roy Thomson, Lord Thomson of Fleet, and his son Ken are descended from Archibald's youngest child George. Actress Norman Shearer (descended from Colonel Edward) and writer Farley Mowat (descended from Hugh) are also Thomsons. 

And I'm a Thomson too! I'm descended from Archibald's fifth child Elizabeth McKay Thomson who married Thomas Forfar in 1806. I was pleased this year to be able to prove my descent from Archibald and receive my certification from the United Empire Loyalist's Association of Canada. Here's the back of Elizabeth's Land Petition referencing her father's UEL status:

Upper Canada Land Petitions, Library and Archives Canada RG 1, L 3, Volume 187 "F" Bundle 8

Archibald was recognized as a United Empire Loyalist as he demonstrated Loyalty to the Crown. In recognition of his service in defence of "Unity of Empire" I can now use the letters UE after my name. Archibald Thomson rose from a refugee to a founding member of Upper Canada due to his perseverance and hard work. 

Coming Home 1919

On November 11th 1918 the First World War was officially over when Armistice was signed. However, the war continued well into 1919 for many Canadian soldiers. At the end of the war there were approximately 300,000 Canadians in Britain and Europe. Bringing everyone home was a huge endeavour. One this date 100 years ago my grandfather William Thomas Brooks was one of these Canadians anxiously waiting to come home. Here is his official service photo. 

I had written about his war service in an early blog post: click here to read Bill had spent the war in the Canadian Service Corps using his skills as a stenographer. On Armistice Day he was stationed in France at the CASC Depot at Beaurainville He finished the war with the rank of Corporal with his promotion going through on March 24 1919. 

He returned to England and was assigned to General Head Quarters. He celebrated Easter there on April 20th 1919.

Shortly after, in May, he was transferred to Rhyl, located on the north shore of Wales. There he worked as a Clerk.

The Town of Rhyl did its best to deal with the troops while they were stationed there. Due to shortage of large ships and post war strikes by working class Britons it took some time to ship the Canadians home. Rhyl experienced rioting in March 1919 before Bill's arrival. A mutiny at a camp for Canadian soldiers resulted in several deaths. 

From 2019 exhibit at the Canadian War Museum

Here are some adverts for entertainment that took place during Bill's stay in May of 1919. Since he kept these flyers he likely attended at least some of these events!

On June 2nd 1919 it was Bill's turn to return home:

This is the ship he sailed on, S.S. Lapland. When she returned to being a passenger ship after the war she could carry roughly 2000 first, second and third class passengers. As a troop ship she would have carried about the same number. On this voyage the Lapland carried 79 regular passengers and the remainder of the ship was filled with returning soldiers. 

From 2019 exhibit at the Canadian War Museum

On the page listing Corporal Brooks there were 178 soldiers listed so the ship was overflowing. Unfortunately the list with my grandfather's name is covered with another page but I spotted his number 510813: 

The Lapland docked in Halifax on June 6th 1919 and Bill was home. He was discharged on June 11th 1919. 

Bill was one of the lucky ones - he made it home without sustaining major injuries, though the experience was still likely difficult. Others were not so lucky - you can read about the experiences of Frederick Moorecroft 

From 2019 exhibit at the Canadian War Museum

and Percival, Arthur and Herman Moorecroft  

From 2019 exhibit at the Canadian War Museum

There were welcome home parades and a lot of excitement at the return of the soldiers.

From 2019 exhibit at the Canadian War Museum

These photos were taken by my grandmother Gertrude Kingswell at a welcome home parade in her hometown Kingston Ontario, exact date unknown.

In Toronto the celebrations continued into the summer with the CNE celebrating both Victory and a 40 year anniversary

But once all the parades were over it was time to try and return to normal life. The former soldiers were provided with assistance. This pamphlet, published by local churches, provided useful information:


And local businesses offered discounts:

It's possible that my grandfather took advantage of Mr. Walker's offer. He quickly found work and a place to live. The 1920 Toronto City Directory (which was compiled in 1919) listed him

My grandfather's war ended well with a job, and soon after a wife and family. He might not have spoken about his experiences during the Great War but no doubt they shaped the rest of his life. One hundred years later I'm glad that he returned home safely.

Brooks, Martha, wife

Today is International Women's Day, and March is Women's History month in the US (in Canada October is Women's History Month). 

In genealogy it can be extremely difficult to research women. They just don't show up in the general records. Once married they would generally take their husband's name and retreat into the home, never to be seen in the public record until perhaps when her husband died and she was named in his will. It can be hard to get a real picture of their lives. They're almost forgotten.

Case in point is my great-grandmother Martha Ellen Walker Brooks. Martha was born in Scarborough on 29 September 1873 to Thomas Walker and Hannah Topper. Thomas was born in Scarborough on 3 January 1830 and was a descendant of the founding family of Scarborough, the Thomsons. Hannah was born in Lincolnshire on 12 Jul 1841. She emigrated to Canada sometime between 1851 and 1862 with her siblings Sarah, George and Martha. Frank, William and Christopher joined their siblings at a later date (there were 13 children in total in the family). I don't have a picture of Thomas but here is a picture of Hannah, my great-great grandmother.

Hannah Topper Walker

I don't have the exact date of their marriage but they appear to have married some time in 1862. Their first child Sarah Ann was born in 1863 followed by Mary Jane in 1864. The next two children David (born in 1866) and Thomas (born in 1867) both died in infancy, George David was born in 1870, William Henry in 1871 and then Martha. Tragedy struck in 1876. The Walker's last child Thomas was born on 18 March 1876. He died on 23 May 1876 as a result of congestion of the lungs. 

His mother followed him to the grave on 21 April 1876 as a result of pyaemia from puerperal inflammation, duration of about 5 weeks dating back to the birth of her last child. Pyaemia was a type of septicaemia (blood poisoning)caused by the spread in the bloodstream of pus-forming bacteria released from an abscess. Without antibiotics the disease is almost always fatal.


Maternal mortality had improved by the end of the 19th century but many women still succumbed to complications from giving birth. The informant of the death was Thomas' older brother Andrew. Thomas must have been devastated. In fact he never remarried which was unusual in the 19th century, especially with a man running a farm with 5 young children.

It must have been difficult for Martha growing up without a mother. No doubt her older sisters helped her father parent their younger sister but by 1881 Mary Jane had moved out. She married in 1883 and Sarah Ann in 1891. By 1891 Thomas was living alone, which again was unusual. It was the custom for widowed parents to move in with one of their married children. I was unable to locate either Martha nor her two brothers in 1891 census so I don't know where they were living. They didn't appear listed with their married sisters, nor were they living with any of their Topper or Walker aunts, uncles or cousins. I like to think that Martha may have had an opportunity to have any interesting job but we'll never know for sure.

She finally surfaces on 13 December 1893 when she marries my great-grandfather John Andrew Brooks in Agincourt. She was 20 years old. Her brother William Henry was a witness as was her cousin Alice Hastings. Alice was also born in 1873 and also grew up without a mother. Elizabeth Ann Wallker died in 1875 of consumption, The new husband is listed as a farmer. In 1893 the employment of the bride was not listed. All we know is that she was single.

Now Martha is a married woman and that status will define her place in the world for the rest of her life. In each census she is listed as Brooks, Martha, wife. No employment is ever listed though she has her hands full working as a farm wife and raising her three sons. The 1901, 1911 and 1921 censuses all read the same.

1911 Canadian census

I've located the family on voter lists. On the 1935, she is listed as Brooks, Mrs. John Sr, housewife. As was the custom, her first name was not used. On the 1940 and 1945 list she is Brooks, Mrs. J, In 1949 her first name is used: Brooks, Martha hw. 

1935 Voter list

It was unlikely that Martha voted in the 1949 election. She had already developed dementia and a nurse was hired to help look after her. Nurse Edna attended my parents' wedding as well.

John Brooks Sr, Nurse Edna, Martha Walker Brooks, Anne Brooks, John Brooks Jr.

These are the only other pictures I have of Martha, taken with her son my grandfather William Thomas Brooks and my father Gordon Russell Brooks. 

 

I'm not sure when these pictures were exactly taken. I love her sweet smile. She died on June 24th 1952 at the age of 78 and was buried two days later in the Melville Presbyterian Church Cemetery in West Hill.

And that's what I know of her life. I wish I knew her hopes, her dreams and her disappointments. There was more to her life that I will never be able to learn about. But she was important in her own right. So for International Women's Day I leave you with the story of my great-grandmother, descendent of Scarborough pioneers, hardworking farm wife and beloved mother and grandmother. She is not forgotten to me.

You know you're a boomer when ...

I read a post recently that pointed out that genealogists sometimes forget that they too are part of the family tree and should document their own story as well as their ancestors. So on the occasion of a landmark birthday (and National Retro Day!) here is the story of a baby boomer.

You know you're a boomer when:

1. Your parents brought you home from the hospital in a 1958 pink Chevy. I think this car really epitomizes the 50s. Maybe not as flashy as some of the 50s cars but it was popular at the time. Here's my mom and I heading home for the hospital. 

You can't really see the car too well so here's a screen shot from a film my dad shot in the summer of 59 where you can see the car better.

2. You had special baby dishes. I still have some of the gifts my parents received when I was born. I still love my bunnykins!

3. You had a stay at home mom. My mom stopped working when she had me and chose not to return to the work force once her children were older. Her days were filled with gardening, sewing, cooking and sometimes painting. We were lucky to have the attention. She taught me to read well before I started school and later how to sew, knit and crochet, and to cook as you can see here!

 My first book!












4. You wore cat's eye glasses I was around 7 when I had to get glasses. It was not a happy day. My eyesight is terrible so it was good that I could see but it led to my being bullied through elementary school which was not good. Not cat's eye glasses are considered cool but not in the 60s for a little girl. They were the only choice til later in the 60s when wire rimmed glasses like John Lennon wore became popular. Here's a picture of me on my 8th birthday with the dreaded glasses on with my sister and grandmother

I'd like to point out something else in this picture. My mother painted the beautiful trees and birds on the walls of our kitchen. I wish it was still there.


5. You had original Barbies that your mother made clothes for. 
And here they are!

6. You walked to school on your own. I attended Sharon Public School and walked to it. Times were different when I started school. There was no kindergarten so I started school in Grade 1. The first principal was extremely old fashioned and girls were not permitted to wear pants. My mother was appalled that I was not able to wear pants to keep warm during winter recesses. A trip to the principal was made and the practice was abandoned. A wonderful example of activism for a budding feminist! 

7. You were kept busy with all kinds of activities. I was a Brownie, took swimming and dance lessons. Didn't get too far with Brownies but here I am.

8. You watched the first moon landing on a black and white TV. It was July 20 1969 and I was 10. I got to stay up late and watch Neil Armstrong walk on the moon. I can't remember exactly when we finally got a colour TV but it was a bit later.

9. You had lots of groovy clothes. I loved my platform shoes even though I frequently twisted my ankles falling off them. I also had mini skirts, maxi skirts, hot pants and knickers. My mother sewed me all kinds of beautiful clothes in the latest styles. Later I learned to sew my own clothes.

10. Your first concert was at the CNE Grandstand. The Grandstand is long gone though the CNE is still going strong. My first concert was the Osmonds when I was about 13. Couldn't see very well but it was terribly exciting. I saw a number of other concerts there over the years including my first real "rock" show - Fleetwood Mac. My friend and I missed the last bus to Newmarket from Finch and had to call her Dad to pick us up. I also saw my first Blue Jays game there when major league baseball came to town. Lots of memories.



And finally... you know you're a baby boomer when you celebrate your 60th birthday! Happy birthday to me and all the other boomers out there!